Description Paper of a Manager Interview - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1096 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2018/12/28 Category Management Essay Type Descriptive essay Level High school Tags: Leadership Essay Motivation Essay Did you like this example? Seeking a management job position be ready and considerably armed to face the wrath of a challenging and rigorous interview process. Interviewing for the position of a manager or Executive Officer is normally a different affair and experience from jobs of entry-levels. It is one of the most competitive experiences any job seeker will endure in his lifetime. This paper is consolidated paper of an interview conducted in search of manager in one of the biggest textile companies in the United States, Albany International. Personality Question and Responses 1. Are you the kind of person Albany International is missing? I am an individual of special personality with my whole workmanship engulfed with appreciating and valuing the contribution and qualities of others. My employees would openly say that the finest manager who keeps the concerns in safe hands and listens to them is me. I am a person who is a wiz in bringing understanding and order to chaos. I am a proud professional with amazing and admirable track of timely and effective deadline submissions in my previous employers. 2. How does anger affect your ability to work efficiently? I am least affected by anger. The least it may hit my human nature is handled and countered in the best professional way possible. I am a person who avoids anger by all means and costs. It is the last thing I can wish to undergo in my line of duty a manager, junior staff or even a technical expert. Everything which comes my way in order to anger me is converted to be a challenge and my proble m solving skills takes full responsibility. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Description Paper of a Manager Interview" essay for you Create order Communication Skills Questions and Responses 1. How have you shown you good communication skills in the past? My resilient communication skills have been demonstrated in both verbal and written ways. While at my previous employer, it was my role to organize and conduct brainstorming sessions and distribute post-meeting discussions and reports. In this role it mandatory for me to exercise and exhibit strong communication and diplomacy skills to ensure that the common goasl of the organization reach the diverse team members. My resilience in communication skills has significantly helped me to build, sustain and repeat my customer base as well as work efficiency within a dynamic and huge team like the one I anticipate to meet in your organization. Leadership Style Questions and Responses 1. Give an example of an experience you unexpectedly took up the role of a manager in your Leadership Journey? At my immediate job, I held the post of a sales and supply association for a similar company as Albany International. The companys overall sales were falling drastically as compared to the ones recorded in the previous quarter of the year. The then manager converged all employees in the department and asked each and every one of us to suggest a possible method to improve the periodic sales. I presented a summarized presentation on a solution I developed entailing changes in the training method used in the sales department. The management was appeased by my solution and I was given the opportunity to lead a special task force made to implement the solution. The team of six was under my leadership and the task was timely and effectively completed with the new training method ready for implementation with no delay. Ultimately, this sales solution increased and sustained th e skills elaborated by the sales personnel. The goodness of the company, the next quarter enjoyed the best level of sales in decades. A remarkable increase of 25% was recorded. I strongly believe that my spectacular and professional communication skills to both top management and the junior staff for the success of my ideologies, projects and the general output of the company or institution. 2. Which is your past toughest decision making moment in your life? In my life I have two peculiar scenes which stretched my decision making ability to the very limits. The first one befell me when I finished my 12th class and the next moment of choosing my profession was very difficult. I was locked in a dilemma to choose either degree or BTech. My parents influenced the decision and I joined degree. And the second one I about my career practice whether to choose the public sector or the private sector. These two are the worst moments of my career and education life. Motivation Questions and Responses 1. What is your Motivation tool? Doing an excellent job and attaining the desired and stipulated end results forms my primary motivation. As I enjoy the environment of working on my own projects, Im particularly appeased and equally motivated by the spirit and buzz of teamwork. It is overwhelmingly rewarding to work with a team for a common goal and purpose 2. How will you make the employees under your watch motivated? There are three key aspects which I usually employ in my engagement with the rest of the team in an organization. In my new post as the company manager I would create an environment which makes them feel others need them too, recognize them even to the individual level and being absolutely intentional with everyday and routine conversations. Task Management Questions and Responses 1. What is your Task Delegation Strategy? For every staff member I prepare detailed sheet carrying key information about relevant responsibilities and tasks together with estimated deadlines. Personalized access to every staff member to ascertain they are at harmony with the deadlines as well as answering to any uprising query over the same. Apart from that, I usually plan and schedule meetings about work in progress to check on the progress status and address arising challenges. 2. Can you tell us about your Worst Management Weakness? Sometimes in the pressure of deadline timelines I find myself in the receiving end of overlooking the marvelous and quality job of a certain employee or staff member. However, I am working an extra mile harder to ensure that everybody in my team enjoys the deserved recognition for their productive and positive contribution towards the objectives and goals of the department and company in general. 3. What actions would take upon learning t hat the subordinate are discharging their duties inefficiently? As a manager, I consider everybody working with or under me to be a typical extension of my quality and effectiveness. A discussion about any possible challenges with the affected team members on an individual level will be conducted to unearth the issues once and for all. However, if their job affects the threshold of the organization, then I carry a part of the burden of their shortcomings as my responsibility.

Macbeth Character Analysis Of Macbeth Essay - 1040 Words

Macbeth: Character Analysis of Macbeth nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Macbeth was a true Shakespearean tragic hero. He had many noble qualities as well as several tragic flaws. He was a courageous, brave and good nobleman who was haunted by superstition, moral cowardice and an overwhelming ambition. Progressively through the play, his flaws started consuming his qualities until they are that can be seen of him. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Macbeth was a courageous and strong nobleman. He and Banquo were leaders of King Duncans army. His personal powers and strength as a general won him the battle as described by the captain (I,2, quot;But alls too weak:/ For brave Macbeth -- well he deserved that name -- / Disdaining fortune, with†¦show more content†¦His morals sink so low that even his enemies said quot;Who then shall blame/ His pesterd senses to recoil and start,/ When all that is within him does condemn/ Itself for being there?quot; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Macbeth had great ambition and wished to stand well with the world. He had absolutely no feelings for others and he only cared about what others would think of him. The witches prophecies only encouraged this ambition to be king. The witches who symbolized Macbeths evil ambitions put his thoughts into actual words. The idea of murder had already occurred to him (I,3, quot;great prediction/ Of noble having and of noble having and of royal hope,/ That he seems rapt withal,quot; quot;My thought, whose murder yet is but fantastical,quot; and I,7, quot;What beast wast then/ That made you break this enterprise to me?quot;). Macbeth himself acknowledged his quot;vaulting ambitionquot; that would drive him to murder after Duncan evaded fate (I,3, quot;If chance will have me King, why,/ Chance may crown mequot;) by announcing Malcolm as his Successor. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Macbeths powerful imagination made him already victim to superstition. His superstition was seen by his susceptibility to the witches influence unlike Banquo who still was not sure about their credibility. It was his superstition that made him so unquestioningly the promises of the apparitions and rest so easily assured. It was all his superstitions that madeShow MoreRelatedMacbeth s Character Analysis : Macbeth1086 Words   |  5 PagesMacbeth s Character Analysis Shakespeare presents Macbeth as a noble thane of King Duncan in the beginning of the play. The three witches tell Macbeth he will become King of Scotland; his desire and ambition to become king causes him to suffer. Macbeth’s greed causes his change in character, and this is revealed by what he says, what he does, and what others say about him. Macbeth’s changes are revealed through what he says. Thomas Thrasher said, â€Å"Macbeth is a noble character of flawless moralsRead MoreEssay Macbeth Character Analysis577 Words   |  3 Pages Character Analysis nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In the tragedy Macbeth, written by William Shakespeare, many character traits are portrayed through the various characters throughout the play. Macbeth was one of Shakespeareamp;#8217;s greatest tragedies. It was completed in 1606 and was most likely first performed before King James I and his royal family at Hampton Court. King James I is believed to be a direct descendent of the character Banquo. Probably the most potent character trait expressedRead MoreLady Macbeth Character Analysis1057 Words   |  5 PagesLady Macbeth: If we look at the stage time Lady Macbeth’s character gets throughout the play, we cannot be consider her to be marginalised. Appearing in about 10 scenes, she has a great number of powerful, memorable monologues and is for all intents and purposes, the female protagonist. It is however the changes her character goes through that classifes her as marginalised. Her character is the one undergoing the greatest transformation. She begins the play with full strength and a dominating personalityRead MoreCharacter Analysis Of Macbeth1120 Words   |  5 PagesThe tragic poem of Macbeth is filled with challenges against the accepted societal norms. Macbeth was a normal man whose greed and ambition had led him to murder the king for the throne. Shakespeare often displays conflicts through characters internal battle with themselves, contemplating whether to make decisions that could alter societys view on them. One of the most significant examples of this is through the unfortunate Macbeth, who had violently forced his way into the throne. This path thatRead MoreMacbeth Character Analysis964 Words   |  4 Pages In the Shakespearean play ‘Macbeth’, the title character and his wife Lady Macbeth become the victims of the destructive force that is evil. Although the two characters shelter a sinister persona, Macbeth is less virtuous, demonstrating his villainous qualities conspicuously due to the crimes he committed that Lady Macbeth did not instigate. However, it is evident that Lady Macbeth, intertwined with other outside factors, was the primary motivation for Macbeth’s immoral inclinations, as she is viewedRead MoreMacbeth Character Analysis1102 Words   |  5 Pagestough doesn’t make you mentally strong, in the play Macbeth, there is a huge theme of manhood placed throughout. William Shakespeare is the creator of Macbeth and is a genius for placing the theme in this tragedy play. The main character, Macbeth, struggle to find his manhood. Banquo , Macbeth’s best friend, is a true man, as well as a character with the name of Macduff. In acts one through fo ur of Shakespeare’s play Macbeth, Banquo, as well as Macbeth and Macduff, will show or try to prove their manhoodRead MoreMacbeth Character Analysis928 Words   |  4 PagesA story is only as good as the characters within them, and in the case of William Shakespeare’s play Macbeth, countless individuals are used to progress the tragedy of the disaster that is Macbeth. Lady Macbeth assists in her husband’s inevitable demise by initially providing the reprehensible plan to murder Duncan, and by lowering her husband’s confidence with criticism. Early on in Shakespeare’s play, Macbeth receives a mysterious message from three witches, promising his title as Thane of CawdorRead MoreMacbeth Character Analysis747 Words   |  3 Pageshalf by supernatural force and half by your own action, because sometimes people can make their decisions and that will affect their destiny. In â€Å"Sports Genes†, â€Å"Into the Wild†, and â€Å"Macbeth†, the main characters all made their own choice but there were still outside forces that effected their decisions. In â€Å"Macbeth† although he made his own decisions of doing all the bad things he is doing, but the witches are the ones who affected his decisions and made him do all the things. In â€Å"Sports Genes†Read MoreCharacter Analysis Of Macbeth864 Words   |  4 PagesIn Macbeth, Shakespeare proves the motif of â€Å"Fair is foul, and foul is fair† (Shakespeare 1.1.11) through the characterization of Macbeth. Macbeth was seen as a selfl ess, brave soldier to the readers but, with the contrast of his current characterization, readers have a sense of Macbeth’s darker characteristics. Because of his thirst for power and his ambition, Macbeth begins to tread along a wicked road. Readers are able to compare this change to Lady Macbeth as Shakespeare depicts her as a darkRead MoreMacbeth Character Analysis850 Words   |  4 Pages Macbeth is portrayed to be a very evil character throughout the play of Macbeth. The most back stabbing scene in the play is when Macbeth murders King Duncan, But the real evil genius behind the murder is Lady Macbeth, who forced Macbeth to kill King Duncan, which brings up the argument, whos responsible for the murder of King Duncan? A Lot of people also ask, who’s more evil? Macbeth, or Lady Macbeth? Macbeth may have been the one who stabbed Duncan in the back and killed him, but Lady Macbeth

Analysis of Government Guaranteed Bonds †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Analysis of Government Guaranteed Bonds. Answer: Introduction The aim of this report is to focus on the economic environment and socio cultural trends in Japan that affects the craft beer industry in Australia. The economic environment refers to the various factors in the business market as well as the broader economy that affects the particular industry. The economic environment is basically classified into two types that includes- microeconomic environment and macroeconomic environment. Microeconomic environment influences the decision making of the business organizations that involves- actions of the each organization and consumers. On the other hand, macroeconomic environment impacts on the whole economy and each participants. Numerous economic factors mainly act as an external constraint on the business organizations (Prajogo, 2015). Social- cultural trends refer to the factors that affect the business organizations. These factors include customs traditions, consumers behavior of that specific country, fashion trends and activities in the market affecting the actions as well as decisions of the business. Socio-cultural perspective has been one of the vital factors that affect the decision of managers and the strategic target of the entities entering international market. One of the main socio-cultural factors that influence the business organization is the legal factors. Appropriate factor identification while analyzing the business strategically might lead to good strategic companys alignment to the society. This report highlights on the economic environment and social cultural trends of Japan that affects their craft beer industry. In this study, Japan has been chosen as the nation at which Australias craft brewery industry must expand their business. Craft beer industry in Japan can achieve success in this nation owing to its diverse beverage industry. The organic beer has been one of the Japans culture since time immemorial. In addition, microbreweries have gained huge popularity since the year 1994 as it supplies diverse tasting beers with huge style variety that seeks in matching the stress on craftsmanship, ingredient provenance and quality. It has been noted from the recent study that Japan has been one of the largest consumer of beer and has been ranked seventh largest in the year 2014.There are mainly five domestic beer producers that dominates 92% of this market in Japan. At present, these producers are now looking for investment opportunities in the overseas and produce diversifying their products. Japans economic environment influences the craft brewery business organization that operates in this nation. Macroeconomic environment are mainly huge economic factors that affect the whole economy and the business organizations either in direct or indirect way. These factors includes- Interest rates, Inflation rate, Taxes, exchange rate, rate of unemployment, savings rate, recession, depression, level of consumers confidence and discretionary income of the consumer. On the other hand, microeconomic factors that affects the business organizations includes- size of the market, demand, supply, rivalries, suppliers and distribution chain. The government of Japan has introduced economic policy, which is known as Abenomics with the help of three ways that includes monetary easing, structural change and flexible fiscal policy. This economic policy has helped this nation in stabilizing its exchange rate, stock market, improved corporate investment and enhanced business operations. In addition, the increase in consumption tax rate also adversely affected the profit margin of the business. The Japan ese government has also increased the Value added Tax (VAT) to 10% this year in order to boost growth of the business. The Australian craft beer industry must focus on both the microeconomic and macroeconomic factors before taking the decision of expanding their business in Japans market. The macroeconomic factors are explained below: Rate of inflation The rate of inflation refers to the sustained rise in the general price level of products and services that leads to decrease in purchasing power of the respective country. The central bank of Japan attempts in keeping inflation within the target level for stabilizing the economic growth of the nation. High inflation rate adversely influences the economic environment as the consumer expenditure on products and services decreases. The economy of the respective nation slows down owing to low consumer expenditure of commodities and services. On the contrary, deflation refers to decline in level of product price owing to decrease in consumers purchase and money supply (Ferraro Briody, 2017). Although this benefits the consumers, the unemployment level increases owing to decrease in business expenditure. The Government of Japan has set the target of inflation rate at 2% in order to run the economy in smooth way. Recent statistics reflects that the rate of inflation in Japan has shown sli ght variation over the years and has been below the target rate. In the year 2017, the inflation rate in Japan has slightly expanded from the previous year. As a result, the prices of breweries rise and hence the Japanese government strategized to increase sales tax. Though the price increased slightly, it did not affect the purchasing power of consumers. However, the craft brewing industry invests more in producing their product and this improved their overall productivity. The Bank of Japan (BOJ) has reduced the rate of interest to 0% and this made the currency of Japan more cheaper to the business or the individuals. Due to this low interest rate, the individuals and the business organizations preferred to keep the money in cash instead of depositing in the bank. However, this created difficulty for the craft beer companies as they had no means in transferring the funds from Yen (Japanese currency) to other currencies. On the contrary, this implementation of zero interest rate has encouraged the craft brewery business in spending or investing it in other business activities. In addition, this low interest rate enhanced the business confidence of Japan, which in turn improved their overall productivity. Moreover, it also encouraged this brewery firms in investing in riskier assets in order to secure return that potentially drives new bubbles in asset. Hence, this increased the profit margin in the craft brewery business. The craft brewers mainly accounts for 2% of the total beer sale in this nation. However, it has been reflected from recent study that tax incentives have benefitted the bigger brewery companies and hence allowed the other substitute products in dominating the Japanese market due to less cost (Lambert Schwieterman, 2012). Meanwhile, the finance industry in Japan has changed the tax rate in order to enhance competitiveness of the craft beer industry in this country. In addition, the firms in this industry attained huge profit from the increasing tax rate as the products were sold at high price. It has been forecasted by the some economist that leveling of tax will increase the growth of this industrys craft brewers in the year 2018. Volatile rate of exchange in this country has put the business activities at risk. In addition, this exchange rate has influenced the craft brewerys operating profits that have no international exports but this face vital foreign competition in the domestic market. As the craft brewery industry also operates in the global market, fluctuations in currency exchange rate adversely affects the business. However, as the firms exchanges beer products across borders, this leads to involvement of two currencies. Thus, volatile exchange rate in Japan leads to profit or loss for this particular business. Recession or financial crisis adversely affects the craft beer industry in Japan. Recession is the phase when the GDP growth rate, income, manufacturing as well as retail sales of the economy declines over the certain period. During this period of financial crisis, the sales revenue as well as profit of craft beer companies declines. As a result, the beer producer reduces hiring of new employees in business (Kose, Otrok Prasad, 2012). In addition, the producers stopped in producing new beer product and this aids in attracting less number of customers in business. The companies in this industry reduced their marketing as well as advertising expenditures, which in turn leads to loss of new as well as old customers in the business. Moreover, the quality of beer also declined in this nation owing to this financial crisis. Individuals discretionary income is defined as the income of the consumer that has been left for expenditure and saving after giving taxes and for personal necessities that includes food, shelter and clothing. It includes the amount spent on the luxury goods and clothing. As discretionary income shrinks amid the loss in job or decrease in pay, the business organizations that sells discretionary product suffers the most during recessionary period (Wetherly Otter, 2014). The craft beer business mainly focuses on the discretionary income of the individual because this amount of money that the individuals have left in order to purchase the non essential commodities and services. Due to increase in discretionary income of the individual in Japan , the craft beer firms attains higher profit as they purchases the beer product with their left amount of money. Market size refers to the total number of people in the particular market who are mainly the potential customers and sellers of a specific commodity. The organizations focus on the market size before expanding their business or launching their product in that nation. Japan is mainly driven by middle class customers and hence is the leading nation of consumer as well as producers of the commodities and services. However, they exerts significant influence in the global markets. The market size of craft beer industry in Japan has been expanding over the last few decades. In addition, the Japanese microbreweries have also expanded that was mainly utilized in trading the craft beer product at international level (Kumar, Gaur Pattnaik, 2012). Eventually, the small breweries have also improved their business by producing high quality commodities and providing quality service. The craft beer industry in Japan has a wide variety of beer types which is available at various prices. This however means that every segment of the beer market of this nation reacts to various economic cycles. As a result, both the demand and supply of various types of beer product changes according to the economic condition of Japan. It has been opined by Olajire (2012), brewing industry in Japan has been considered as recession proof. During the recession phase (2008-2009), the demand for this craft beer product in Japan reduced slightly as the consumers switched from high expensive beer to less expensive ones. Moreover, there was no decrease in supply of beer product at that phase. Now, in this expansionary phase the manufacturers of this industry have increased their production owing to increase in demand for the craft breweries and microbreweries. However, both these product have become highly expensive due to rise in demand. As a result, the large brewers of this industry atta ined huge benefits from this economics of scale. The competitors play a vital role in business success as increase in competition leads to improvement in product quality. There are several competitors in the craft beer industry in Japan. The competitors in this industry are mainly of two types that includes small breweries and large breweries. This means that small breweries faces huge competition from the large breweries with respect to types, quality and pricing of beer product. Owing to this increase in competition, the small breweries develop or innovates good quality beer product at low price in order to compete with large breweries. Suppliers influences the financial performance of business in direct way. They play a vital role in providing good quality product to the firms. This facilitates the firms in maximizing profit and attains good reputation (Hede Watne, 2015). It has been noted from the recent study that craft brewer industry has expanded for the last few decades due to new product development by the suppliers. Besides producing new product, they also provides it with high quality in order to help the firms in attracting new customers and attaining higher profitability. Distribution chain refers to the chain of intermediaries through which the product reaches to the customers end. This chain includes wholesalers, suppliers, distributors and online services. These four tier distribution system provides challenges to the small brewery firms those who are looking for expanding their business in the global market (Harrison, 2013). As the small brewery firms invest less money in distribution chain, they cannot supply the product to all consumers through online services. As a result, this benefitted the large craft beer firms in this industry as they provides the product to the customers through their own website and also attain feedback from them. This feedback facilitates the beer firms in improving the quality and design of the new product. Hence, this distribution chain helps the large companies in attaining competitive advantage over the rivals. Socio-cultural factors of Japan that influences Craft Beer industry Every business must consider socio-cultural factors of the respective nation in order to attain high revenue from the sale of product. Change in society and peoples culture of a specific nation influences the business and hence the firms should consider these two factors in order to compete with their rival firms. There are various socio-cultural factors that influences the business organization and thus the Australian craft beer company must focus before expanding their business in overseas (Hamilton Webster, 2015). These factors includes- changing consumers preferences, demographics, methods of advertising, internal business environment, communication means, consumers purchasing power, education of the consumers and growth rate of the population in Japan. These factors are illustrated in following way One of the vital socio-cultural factors that affects the craft beer business in this nation is changing consumers preferences. As the craft beer falls under the luxury good, the consumers preference matters the most to the firms in this industry. It has been seen from the recent study that the preference of the consumers has changed over the last few years. Moreover, different styles as well as priorities of the consumers help the firms in producing the beer product accordingly. Hence, this facilitates the firms in attaining the customers loyalty and trust. Variation in demographics has also been considered as the vital factor in the global business market. This means that changes in gender proportion and various religious as well as ethnic groups also have significant influence on the craft beer industry. Japan is one of the densely populated country in the globe (Craig Campbell, 2012). The size of population and density of this nation is extreme and this significantly impacts on the business in host of areas. It has been noted from the recent statistics that increase in total population in Japan positively affects the business growth. This is because the demand of beer products increases owing to increase in population in Japan. Moreover, gender variation also does not affect this industry as both the female and male persons consume this product. Advertising method are closely related with the socio-cultural changes. The firms focus on the rivalries action and target customers before advertising the product in the market (Cai Yang, 2014). As there is huge middle class consumers base in this nation, the craft beer firms of this nation chooses to promote the products both in traditional as well as online mediums. In addition, this enhances the growth of each firm in this industry. However, the business owner of craft beer industry should understand the appeal of Jaapnese that dwell in the community in that place where the firms is to site. Now, they plan their advertising method accordingly in order to conform to their peoples language. Internal business environment The interaction of the craft beer company with its customers and stakeholders also influences the decision making procedure of the organizations. The firms in this industry choose to interact with their customers through online mediums (Babatunde Adebisi, 2013). In addition, the decisions of the stakeholders are taken into account while producing new types of beer product. However, the internal business environment in this industry has been quite good and hence this helps the company in expanding their business. Communication means refers to the communication style of the employees of firms through which they interact with their customers. People from different countries are hired by this craft beer industry of this country. In addition, the languages spoken by them help in interacting with the customers in order to attain feedback on each product. The purchasing power of the consumer also influences the business organization. As this industry has huge middle class customers base, the firms in this industry sets the price of each type of beer product by focusing on their purchasing power. This facilitates the firms in increasing their overall sales and maximizing profit. Moreover, this strategy helps the craft beer firms in enhancing their financial performance over the years. Each firms in this industry tries to provide knowledge about the products to their customers. For this, the education of the customers matters the most. Highly educated person tries to achieve knowledge about the various types of beer product before purchasing it (Aronczyk, 2013). However, if the consumers do not have any education, then this faces difficulties to the firms as lots of time of the employees engages into explaining about the product. The players in this industry invest their timer in educating the customers for informing them the best method in consuming this product. In Japan, the two main social drivers behind this increasing trend of craft beer are accessibility of the products as well as information through internet and varying taste of the Japanese. The bulk of consumers of craft beer are younger age, which is below 40 years and they consumes this product as social trend by obtaining information through social trend. Most importantly, the craft beer industry in Japan has been attracting international brewers those who are committed to this industrys long terms future (Aquilani et al., 2013). Due to advancement of technology over the last few years, the Japanese order this product through online mode. The changing taste of Japanese people affects this industry in positive way. This means that changing consumers palate forces the industry in producing different flavors, which provide their customers utter satisfaction. Recommendation on which Japan can be potentially attractive for expansion of business Although the craft beer industry in Japan has been booming over the last few years, it is basically a fraction of the beer market (Alexander, 2013). The recommendation on which Japan can be potentially attractive to the Australian craft beer industry for expanding their business are given as under- As the industry is building up organizational capabilities as well as production capacities, it improves their business operation Maintaining close relation with both the domestic suppliers as well as consumers helps the industry in attaining higher profitability As this nation has various treaties with other nations, the foreign investors invest huge amount in this industry that further enhances their productivity As sales tax is high in this nation, this industry maximizes profit in every product This nation has favorable business environment Ageing population growth offers new opportunities to the business for development of product and providing quality service Low rate of interest and high purchasing power Furthermore, the Australian craft beer industry must focus on both the economic environment and socio-cultural trends before expanding their business in Japan. Conclusion At present, Japan has been experiencing the beginning of its second phase of microbrew boom through their renewed interest of consumers, convergence of craft brewers, increasing cost of import. This is making the craft beers of this nation more affordable for their customers. Huge number of craft brewers in this industry attempts in venturing overseas by building capabilities for meeting domestic as well as global demand for this product. From the above study, it can be concluded that the economic environment and socio-cultural trends are favorable for doing business in this nation. Advancement of technology in the craft beer industry helps the firms in enhancing productivity. Moreover, inclusion of customers in development of products decision making procedure facilitates in improving their product quality. In addition, other competitors in the market create huge competition within the industry. As a result, this helps the firms in developing good quality and innovative product. Thi s development of new product helps in attracting new customers in business, which in turn leads to higher profit. Foreign investment also expands the business in the global market. References Alexander, J. W. (2013).Brewed in Japan: The evolution of the Japanese beer industry. UBC Press. Aquilani, B., Laureti, T., Poponi, S., Secondi, L. (2015). Beer choice and consumption determinants when craft beers are tasted: An exploratory study of consumer preferences.Food quality and preference,41, 214-224. Aronczyk, M. (2013).Branding the nation: The global business of national identity. Oxford University Press. Babatunde, B. O., Adebisi, A. O. (2012). Strategic Environmental Scanning and Organization Performance in a Competitive Business Environment.Economic Insights-Trends Challenges,64(1). Boj, J., Mler, K. G., Unemo, L. (2013).Environment and development: an economic approach(Vol. 6). Springer Science Business Media. Cai, S., Yang, Z. (2014). On the relationship between business environment and competitive priorities: The role of performance frontiers.International Journal of Production Economics,151, 131-145. Craig, T., Campbell, D. (2012).Organisations and the business environment. Routledge. Epstein, M. J., Buhovac, A. R. (2014).Making sustainability work: Best practices in managing and measuring corporate social, environmental, and economic impacts. Berrett-Koehler Publishers. Ferraro, G. P., Briody, E. K. (2017).The cultural dimension of global business. Taylor Francis. Hamilton, L., Webster, P. (2015).The international business environment. Oxford University Press, USA. Harrison, A. (2013).Business environment in a global context. Oxford University Press. Hede, A. M., Watne, T. (2013). Leveraging the human side of the brand using a sense of place: Case studies of craft breweries.Journal of Marketing Management,29(1-2), 207-224. Hill, C. W., Cronk, T., Wickramasekera, R. (2013).Global business today. McGraw-Hill Education (Australia). Hoalst-Pullen, N., Patterson, M. W., Mattord, R. A., Vest, M. D. (2014). Sustainability trends in the regional craft beer industry. InThe geography of beer(pp. 109-116). Springer Netherlands. Kew, J., Stredwick, J. (2017).Business environment: managing in a strategic context. Kogan Page Publishers. Kleban, J., Nickerson, I. (2012). To brew, or not to brew-That is the question: An analysis of competitive forces in the craft brew industry.Journal of the International Academy for Case Studies,18(3), 59. Kose, M. A., Otrok, C., Prasad, E. (2012). Global business cycles: convergence or decoupling?.International Economic Review,53(2), 511-538. Kumar, V., Gaur, A. S., Pattnaik, C. (2012). Product diversification and international expansion of business groups.Management International Review,52(2), 175-192. Lambert, D. M., Schwieterman, M. A. (2012). Supplier relationship management as a macro business process.Supply Chain Management: An International Journal,17(3), 337-352. Murray, D. W., O'Neill, M. A. (2012). Craft beer: Penetrating a niche market.British Food Journal,114(7), 899-909. Olajire, A. A. (2012). The brewing industry and environmental challenges.Journal of cleaner production. Panayotou, T. (2016). Economic growth and the environment.The environment in anthropology, 140-148. Popescu, G. H. (2013). Macroeconomics, effective leadership, and the global business environment.Contemporary Readings in Law and Social Justice,5(2), 170. Prajogo, D. I. (2016). The strategic fit between innovation strategies and business environment in delivering business performance.International Journal of Production Economics,171, 241-249. Schuster, P., Uhrig-Homburg, M. (2013). The term structure of bond market liquidity conditional on the economic environment: An analysis of government guaranteed bonds. Wetherly, P., Otter, D. (Eds.). (2014).The business environment: themes and issues in a globalizing world. Oxford University Press. Wild, J. J., Wild, K. L., Han, J. C. (2014).International business. Pearson Education Limited.

Business and IT

Question: Discuss about the Business and Information Technology ? Answer : Introducation Information Technology (IT) is vogue today. It is penetrating in the lives of every generation. Everyone is using it for various purposes but the younger generation uses it the most. Thus generation has the glimpse of IT in all the work indulging daily life as well as the professional sector (Hamel Prahalad, 2013). Earlier IT was not in much trend and thus, people used o do the work differently. Today, the way younger generations work is different from that of the older one. The differences between their ways of working are- Earlier, people used to do all the works manually, but now no one is done so. People do not prefer pen and paper work anymore. Everyone looks for digitalized things. Earlier there were mangers for every field but today the managers are replaced by systems (Crain, 2015). Computers do all the work that people used to do. Arising opportunities Use of technology increases the transparency between firm and the customers and also in every level of employees. Also, it saves great amount of money and thus enabling the firm to utilize the money in other sectors. Arising difficulties The older generation might not know the proper use of technology and thus gap may arise between the generations giving rise to many other issues. The environment of the firm may get spoilt because of this. Thus, use of IT must be done in an organization with proper assistance and surveillance keeping the older generations in mind. References Hamel, G., Prahalad, C. K. (2013).Competing for the Future. Harvard Business Press. Crain, W. (2015).Theories of development: Concepts and applications. Psychology Press.

APA Referencing What You Need to Know

APA Referencing What You Need to Know APA Referencing: What You Need to Know Although produced by the American Psychological Association, APA referencing is now used to cite sources in a variety of academic fields (not just the social sciences). Knowing the basics of APA referencing is therefore important for any college student. In today’s post, we run through a few important facts about APA referencing, including its background and the format you should use for in-text citations. What is APA Style? APA style and APA referencing are set out in the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, which covers various elements of style and formatting as well as citing sources. First published in 1974, the APA manual is designed to ensure that academic writers communicate â€Å"with a minimum of distraction and a maximum of precision.† The APA’s simple-but-clear referencing system is part of this. APA Citations APA referencing uses parenthetical citations, meaning basic source information is provided in the main body of your document. For the majority of source types, APA citations require you to give an author surname and year of publication (along with relevant page numbers if you’re quoting a source directly): Ciabatta is â€Å"one of the most famous Italian breads† (D’Acampo, 2011, p. 22). Note that the name, year and page number are separated by commas in APA citations; it’s also important to remember that the page number is preceded by â€Å"p.† in these citations. The format changes a little when the author is named in the text. In these cases, the year of publication is given immediately after the name, but any page numbers still appear after the quoted text: D’Acampo (2011) claims that â€Å"Tuscan bread is well known for being low in salt† (p. 33). APA Reference Lists In addition to in-text citations, APA referencing requires all sources to be listed with full publication information at the end of your document. This reference list should: List all sources cited in your document (do not list sources you haven’t cited) Invert the names of authors (surname first, followed by initials) Order sources alphabetically by author surname List multiple works by the same author chronologically, earliest first Italicize all journal and book titles Use a half-inch hanging indent for each line after the first in an entry Provide all names of authors for any text with up to seven authors; for texts with more than seven authors, simply list the first six then add the final author after an ellipsis Capitalize only the first word and proper nouns in titles and subtitles The precise information required for each source varies depending on format but will generally include details about the author(s), title and publisher. The D’Acampo book cited above, for instance, would appear in the reference list as: D’Acampo, G. (2011). Italian home baking. London: Kyle Books. And after finishing your reference list, why not treat yourself to a nice ciabatta?

Biography of Heinrich Hertz

Biography of Heinrich Hertz Physics students around the world are familiar with the work of Heinrich Hertz, the German physicist who proved that electromagnetic waves definitely exist. His work in electrodynamics paved the way for many  modern uses of light (also known as electromagnetic waves). The frequency unit that physicists use is named the Hertz in his honor. Fast Facts Heinrich Hertz Full Name: Heinrich Rudolf HertzBest Known For: Proof of the existence of electromagnetic waves, Hertzs principle of least curvature, and the photoelectric effect.Born: February 22, 1857 in Hamburg, GermanyDied: January 1, 1894 in  Bonn, Germany, at age 36Parents: Gustav Ferdinand Hertz and Anna Elisabeth PfefferkornSpouse: Elisabeth Doll, married 1886Children: Johanna and MathildeEducation: Physics and mechanical engineering, was a professor of physics in various institutes.Significant Contributions: Proved that electromagnetic waves propagated various distances through the air, and summarized how objects of different materials affect each other on contact. Early Life and Education Heinrich Hertz was born in Hamburg, Germany, in 1857. His parents were Gustav Ferdinand Hertz (a lawyer) and Anna Elisabeth Pfefferkorn. Although his father was born Jewish, he converted to Christianity and the children were raised as Christians. This did not stop the Nazis from dishonoring Hertz after his death, due to the taint of Jewishness, but his reputation was restored after World War II. The young Hertz was educated at the Gelehrtenschule des Johanneums in Hamburg, where he showed a deep interest in scientific subjects. He went on to study engineering in Frankfurt under such scientists as Gustav Kirchhoff and Hermann Helmholtz. Kirchhoff specialized in studies of radiation, spectroscopy, and electrical circuit theories. Helmholtz was a physicist who developed theories about vision, the perception of sound and light, and the fields of electrodynamics and thermodynamics. It is small wonder then, that the young Hertz became interested in some of the same theories and eventually did his lifes work in the fields of contact mechanics and electromagnetism. Life's Work and Discoveries After earning a Ph.D. in 1880, Hertz took up a series of professorships where he taught physics and theoretical mechanics. He married Elisabeth Doll in 1886 and they had two daughters. Hertzs doctoral dissertation focused on James Clerk Maxwells theories of electromagnetism. Maxwell worked in mathematical physics until his death in 1879 and formulated what is now known as Maxwells Equations. They describe, through mathematics, the functions of electricity and magnetism. He also predicted the existence of electromagnetic waves. Hertzs work focused on that proof, which took him several years to achieve. He constructed a simple dipole antenna with a spark gap between the elements, and he managed to produce radio waves with it. Between 1879 and 1889, he did a series of experiments that used electrical and magnetic fields to produce waves that could be measured. He established that the velocity of the waves was the same as the speed of light, and studied the characteristics of the fields he generated, measuring their magnitude, polarization, and reflections. Ultimately, his work showed that light and other waves he measured were all a form of electromagnetic radiation that could be defined by Maxwells equations. He proved through his work that electromagnetic waves can and do move through the air.   In addition, Hertz focused on a concept called the photoelectric effect, which occurs when an object with electrical charge loses that charge very quickly when it is exposed to light, in his case, ultraviolet radiation. He observed and described the effect, but never explained why it happened. That was left to Albert Einstein, who published his own work on the effect. He suggested that light (electromagnetic radiation) consists of energy carried by electromagnetic waves in little packets called quanta. Hertzs studies and Einsteins later work eventually became the basis for an important branch of physics called quantum mechanics.  Hertz and his student Phillip Lenard also worked with cathode rays, which are produced inside vacuum tubes by electrodes.   Heinrich Hertzs portrait and drawings of electrical fields that he studied appeared on a German postage stamp in 1994. Deutsche Bundespost. What Hertz Missed Interestingly, Heinrich Hertz did not think his experiments with electromagnetic radiation, particularly radio waves, had any practical value. His attention was focused solely on theoretical experiments. So, he proved that electromagnetic waves propagated through the air (and space). His work led others to experiment even further with other aspects of radio waves and electromagnetic propagation. Eventually, they stumbled across the concept of using radio waves to send signals and messages, and other inventors used them to create telegraphy, radio broadcasting, and eventually television. Without Hertzs work, however, todays use of radio, TV, satellite broadcasts, and cellular technology wouldnt exist. Nor would the science of radio astronomy, which relies heavily on his work.   Other Scientific Interests Hertzs scientific accomplishments werent limited to electromagnetism. He also did a great deal of research on the topic of contact mechanics, which is the study of solid matter objects that touch each other. The big questions in this area of study have to do with the stresses the objects produce on each other, and what role friction plays in interactions between their surfaces. This is an important field of study in mechanical engineering. Contact mechanics affect design and construction in such objects as combustion engines, gaskets, metalworks, and also objects that have electrical contact with each other.   Hertzs work in contact mechanics began in 1882 when he published a paper titled On the Contact of Elastic Solids, where he was actually working with the properties of stacked lenses. He wanted to understand how their optical properties would be affected. The concept of Hertzian stress is named for him and describes the pinpoint stresses that objects undergo as they contact each other, particularly in curved objects.   Later Life Heinrich Hertz worked on his research and lecturing until his death on January 1, 1894. His health began failing several years prior to his death, and there was some evidence he had cancer.  His final years were taken up with teaching, further research, and several operations for his condition. His final publication, a book titled  Die Prinzipien der Mechanik (The Principles of Mechanics), was sent to the printer a few weeks before his death.   Honors Hertz was honored not only by the use of his name for the fundamental period of a wavelength, but his name appears on a memorial medal and a crater on the Moon. An institute called the Heinrich-Hertz Institute for Oscillation Research was founded in 1928, known today as the Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications, Heinrich Hertz Institute, HHI. The scientific tradition continued with various members of his family, including his daughter Mathilde, who became a famous biologist. A nephew, Gustav Ludwig Hertz, won a Nobel prize, and other family members made significant scientific contributions in medicine and physics.   Bibliography â€Å"Heinrich Hertz and Electromagnetic Radiation.† AAAS - The Worlds Largest General Scientific Society, www.aaas.org/heinrich-hertz-and-electromagnetic-radiation. www.aaas.org/heinrich-hertz-and-electromagnetic-radiation.Molecular Expressions Microscopy Primer: Specialized Microscopy Techniques - Fluorescence Digital Image Gallery - Normal African Green Monkey Kidney Epithelial Cells (Vero), micro.magnet.fsu.edu/optics/timeline/people/hertz.html.http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/Biographies/Hertz_Heinrich.htmlâ€Å"Heinrich Rudolf Hertz.† Cardan Biography, www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/Biographies/Hertz_Heinrich.html.

Leadership & Change Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Leadership & Change - Coursework Example An argument against this point of view that I think is important is the fact that in most cases the manager and the leaders who are in the organization’s higher positions are the drivers of change. These are people who can analyze think and develop the behavioral changes that can influence the individuals who bring the resistance to change (Mullins, 2010, pg.31). I believe it is the role the managers to changes in an effective way. They have to develop some individual management skills. They should be sense maker and sense giver. Through effective communication, they can translate the changes. They can also minimize the anxiety of the employees through sharing the information and discussing the needs and the advantages of the change (Rubin, et al.2010, pg.217-9). A leadership style that is democratic can reduce the opposition and assist to in getting an easy acceptance. Whenever empathy is displayed by the leader, those employees who are scared of change will embrace the change process voluntarily. The industries such as advertisement, PR and media require a constant change. And for the globalised competition survival, the other industries have to bring in some change. I would recommend the Lewi’s Change Management model because many people prefer and work within given zones of safety. The model is also is easy to use, and a lot of organizations use this model to implement major changes (Ibarra & Hansen, 2011,pg.69-70). It has three stages; 2. Translation – Immediately change has been initiated, the company goes to the translation period, and this may take some time. Efficient leadership and reassurance is important for this process to succeed. The General Electrics managed some important changes its work culture at the time of transformational leadership tenure. Charles Handy’s framework was utilized to identify the cons of autocratic culture in its organizational

Hiding Behind the Screen Roger Scruton Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Hiding Behind the Screen Roger Scruton - Essay Example There are numerous old fashioned methods applicable to pass messages, which seem to be absent. Since the present day generation youth use mobile phone devices for communication, they lack opportunities to stand judged by an individual they communicate with on the other end.   Roger Scruton recommend-fashioned pile should not avoid accountability at any cost. Scruton makes this statement because he feels that people use mobile phone devices as a medium to evade accountability and judgment of the other parties involved in the communication. Certain virtues such as love and integrity are absent in communication due to the use of mobile phones and social media. People lack the opportunity to achieve a mutual understanding of certain individuals due to use of social media. There are instances where one finds it difficult to understand another individual due to the belief that there exists a certain complexity between them (Dooley 68). The difficulty to understand according to Roger Scru ton is because there is a lack of mutual judgment. Hiding behind the screen means that people have the capability to maintain control over the communication encounter, either through social media or through a mobile phone device. The virtue of justice is achievable through one’s ability to witness the modes of judgment from other people through communication. The essay emphasizes that such virtues become absent within the present day society due to the availability of controllable modes of communication.... There are instances where one finds it difficult to understand another individual due to the belief that there exists a certain complexity between them (Dooley 68). The difficulty to understand according to Roger Scruton is because there is a lack of mutual judgment. Hiding behind the screen means that people have the capability to maintain control over the communication encounter, either through social media or through a mobile phone device. The virtue of justice is achievable through one’s ability to witness the modes of judgment from other people through communication. The essay emphasizes that such virtues become absent within the present day society due to the availability of controllable modes of communication. The society finds it difficult to determine the kind of person that they deal with since there is little opportunity to judge people through communication. The presence of mobile phone devices contributed towards the refusal of people to stand judged by other indi viduals (Dooley 68). The essay suggests on the various ways that certain virtues that are applicable in communication become irrelevant with the use of mobile phones. The face-to-face encounters are important to the relevance in communication. When people converse face to face, there are better chances to acquire different aspects about the individuals as they communicate. An individual is able to minimize another person’s point of view through the potential to retain control over the communication encounter. The communication criteria experience different challenges in accordance to the modes that are applicable. The old fashion of communication is unavailable due to the advancements and alterations witnessed in technology. The influence of social media and communication

Critical Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Critical Analysis - Essay Example He found people use differing social tactics to persuade their partners and that certain tactics tend to be more or less effective based on the social context. To what extent is the accuracy of one’s ability to assess their partner’s mindset correlated with how well they influence by their partner? To what extent is the accuracy of one’s ability to assess their partner’s mindset correlated with how much they are influenced by their partner? In Grounding Communication: Synchrony, GÃ ¼n R. Semin discusses how to understand social behavior explain as the sum of many processes (Kruglanski, A.W. and Higgins, E.T. (Eds.), 2007). Human behavior is adaptive to contextual variations; thus interpersonal behavior processes may be seen as the whole of communication, social cognition, and language. In other words, social behavior is clearly interactive based on flows of information internally within the individual, interpersonal between individuals, and socially between interpersonal interactions. Does this mean we are only as socially adept as the particular language will allow us to be? How might we investigate the extent a given language allows for social interaction? Regan (2008) contended the mating process is the result of combinations of evaluations individuals make of one another. Men and women are at the behest of both modern and ancient forces that shape the way mating occurs in humans. Some of the evaluations are instinctually executed whereas others are more cognitively-based on current social trends. In either case, the selection process for any individual is based on evaluations of the mating candidate’s temperament, social status, interpersonality, and physical attractiveness. Mating decisions are also based on so called deal killers. For example, a man may possess all of the desirable attributes in sufficient degree to a woman, but the fact he may be HIV positive automatically excludes him from her choices. What

Theorists Impact on Teaching and Learning

Theorists Impact on Teaching and Learning The government aims to support and develop childrens learning; these include the Plowden Report (1967), The National Curriculum (1999), a more recent review known as the Rose Review (2009) and The Primary Cambridge Review (2009). These reviews were heavily influenced by both Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky. This assignment will compare two learning theorists and the impact they have on teaching and learning. My main focus will be on Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky however Jerome Bruner will also be mentioned. Firstly, the assignment will describe and critically analyse Jean Piagets theory of cognitive development. Secondly, I will describe and critically analyse the strengths and weaknesses of Lev Vygotskys theory of socio cognitive development. Both learning theorists will be examined and compared along with the implications they have on effective teaching practice. I will then move on to evaluate the impact it has on an individual child in terms of teaching and learning, taking their development needs into account as well as talking about maturation of the child. The school will also be mentioned throughout this assignment. The name of both the child and the school will not be disclosed due to privacy. I will also discover the factors that influence teaching and learning in the four main subjects, these include: Literacy, Numeracy/Mathematics, Science and ICT. Jean Piaget (1896-1980) was a biologist who moved into studying developments of childrens understanding by the age of 21, this was done through observation, speaking and listening to the children on a task that he had set. Piagets work on childrens intellectual development owed much to his early studies of water snails (Satterly, 1987, p. 622) Piaget was a well known French speaking Swiss theorist who believed that children learn by active knowledge through hands on experience. To do this the adult should provide the right materials to allow the child to interact and construct effectively. His views on how a childs mind functions and develops had a great influence especially in education theory. He mainly focused on child maturation to increase the understanding of their world; children cannot carry out certain tasks until they are psychologically mature enough to do so (Child-Development-Guide, 2010). Piaget believed that childrens thinking does not develop smoothly throughout childhood as there are certain points in which it expands and progresses into new aims and capabilities. The transitions took place at about 18 months, 7 years and 11/12 years of age; this meant that before these ages, no matter how bright a child is he/she is not capable of understanding things in certain ways. Piaget used Socratic questioning to get the children to think more about what exactly they are asking or thinking about, the aim of this was to get children to see contradictions in their explanations. Piagets theory of cognitive development was the central structure to his theory. The acquisition of knowledge in childhood which included processes such as understanding, reasoning, thinking, problem solving, learning, conceptualising and remembering, as a whole understanding all the aspects of human intelligence that are used to make sense of the world. Cognitive development is purely concerned with intellectual functions that can be studied individually from socio-economical functions (Atherton, J. 2010) Cognitive structures are patterns of physical or mental action which correspond to the stages of child development. Both Piaget and Vygotsky believe that childrens cognitive development takes place in stages. However Piaget was the first to show that children go through different stages of cognitive development. According to Piaget there are four primary development stages, these include: sensorimotor, preoperations, concrete operations and formal operations. The sensorimotor stage ranges from 0 to 2 years; this is where intelligence takes the form of motor actions. By the actions they perform in their environment through sucking, watching, biting and a number of other responses they may perform. According to a test undertaken by Piaget the child will look for an object that s/he has seen being hidden, this occurs when a child is around 8 months old. Intelligence in the pre-operation period consists of 2 to 7 year olds. At this age the children are capable of using symbols such as words and images to make sense of the world, imaginative play is used and they can tell the difference between fantasy and reality. The child can see a situation from another persons point of view, this is known as egocentrism. According to Piaget, the egocentric child thinks that others see, hear and feel exactly the same as s/he does. REF! bbc article The cognitive structure during the concrete operational stage consists of 7 to 11 year olds. Children need a number of mental operations such as classification and conservation so they can mentally manipulate symbols in different ways. Conversion is when the child has to ability to understand that redistributing material does not affect its mass, number or volume. By the age of 7, the child should understand that when a liquid is poured into a glass of different shape or size the quantity of liquid remains the same, only the appearance changes REF. The final stage is the formal operations which consist of 11 to 15 year olds. At this age children are capable of mental operations including abstractions and logical reasoning (Schaffer 2004, p.168). The mind of a child who is 11 years or older can carry out mathematical calculations, be creative, have accurate reasoning and imagine the outcome of specific actions REF. After analysing Piagets theory, I believe that his four stages of development and the structure of teaching is closely linked. The sensorimotor stage fits in to the early years foundation stage (EYFS) where children mainly learn by playing and exploring the facilities around them. In the nursery and reception classes of the school, the children have a variety of continuous provisions areas within the classroom that relate to the real world such as shops, post office and kitchens. This allows the children to explore role play and discover real life situations. Tasks are set up to allow the children to explore freely whilst the teacher observes the childrens involvement in the activity (EYFS, 2010, online). This relates to the principle of enabling environments in the EYFS themes: The environment plays a key role in supporting and extending childrens development and learning (EYFS, 2010, online). The second stage links to children who are in key stage 1 (KS1). The children develop words that support play with ideas. The school has a shop corner which contains a till, plastic shopping basket with play foods and plastic money, this allows the children to play within the shop and explore the money. I believe this allows the children to learn as well as play as its leveled at their ability. It is important to give the children real life situations and problem solving as the skills can be applied throughout their learning and help them develop into mature adults. Providing the children with hands on experience in certain areas of the curriculum such as EYFS, mathematics and literacy has been taken from Piagets theory. The child is observed during a practical activity and his/her engagement and communication skills are recorded (Briggs et al, 2005, p.27). I feel it is important that EYFS, key stage one and key stage two should be closely linked and flexible so the child has the correct skills and knowledge throughout the stages to build their confidence and succeed in the future. As part of a Literacy topic the children had to act out Goldilocks and the three bears. They were put in groups and were given a script. The children had to read the script and act it out. This provided the teacher with information on each childs cognitive ability and allowed her to assess and set targets for each child. The concrete operational stage ties in with KS2. However, after observing a key stage two there is a change in terms of teaching style and the activities undertaken in EYFS and KS1 The aim of KS2 is to develop the logical process in the learning. Every week the children carry out guided reading, this differentiates from fiction to nonfiction depending on the ability of the child. The children have to read and make sense of the book in order to answer related questions. Finally, the formal operations stage links to KS3 and consists of children working independently and building on existing knowledge. Piagets theory allows the child to learn actively and gain knowledge from any mistakes that they make. However, I feel that Piagets methods are underestimated and may have a huge impact on learning. When learning the core subjects mainly Literacy and Mathematics, Piagets theory ignored the social aspects of the child which unvalued the importance knowledge and culture which led to underestimating the ability of the children. His is widely used in a number of schools, however I strongly feel that the teaching should cover a wider range including the external factors and the environment especially the social and emotional aspects of learning (Isaacs, 1929). On the other hand Vygotsky believed that a childs learning cannot be separated from its social context. An example of the importance social context has is Piagets three mountain experiment. Piaget concluded that children are unable to see things from another persons perspective (Schaffer, 2004, p.174). In the experiment he used 3 mountains of different sizes and children aged from four to twelve years old. The children sat on one side of the mountain and a doll was placed on the other side. The children were then shown photographs of the mountains from different positions and were asked to choose a photograph the doll can see from her position. Piaget found that children under seven years of age could not see things from another persons perspective therefore were egocentric (Wood, 1998, p. 66). However the appropriateness of the three mountain experiment was questioned. Borke states that children performed poorly due to unfamiliarity and not motivating enough for the children to complete successfully (Smith et al. 1998). When the experiment was repeated by Hughes (Donaldson, 1987, p.137) using a policeman and a doll. The children were asked where the doll should hide so the policeman does not find her; he found that nearly ninety nice percent of children aged five were correct. He concluded that if the child is given a familiar situation he/she will think objectively. Cognitive structures change through the following processes: adaptation, assimilation and accommodation. Adaptation is found in all biological organisms to adjust to the demands of the environment, assimilation involves the individual to incorporate new experiences into existing schemas and accommodation is where the individual modifies existing schemas to fit the new experiences (Schaffer, 2004, p.165). This relates to other learning theorists in terms of constructivist perspectives of learning including Jerome Bruner and Lev Vygotsky. However researchers have found it difficult to measure developmental processes: assimilation, accommodation and equilibration. They found it difficult to identify processes that are central to Piagets theory (Meadows 1993, p.19). Piaget claims that his stages are universal regardless of culture, this has also been questioned as a number of studies show that children are able to reach stages earlier that Piaget has stated (Bower, 1974). A three month old baby was shown a toy that was covered by a screen, when the screen was moved the toy had vanished and in another condition the toy was still there. The babies heart rate was measured both when the toy was there and when the toy disappeared. The results showed that there was greater change in heart rate when the toy disappeared. The toy was replaced with different objects and Bower (1971) found that babies show more surprise. Schaffer (2004, p. 184) felt that Piaget under estimated the abilities of children. Applying Piagets theory requires specific recommendations for a certain stage in the cognitive development. For children who are at the sensorimotor stage, adults should provide them with a rich and motivating environment and a number of objects to play with. However a child who is at the concrete operational stage should be provided with activities in which they can classify problems, order and location of concrete objects. This allows the adult to see the different explanations the children at different stages of cognitive development will come up with. The activities or situations given should engage the learners and requires adaptation such as assimilation and accommodation. The learning materials given to the children should be relevant and should involve the right level of motor or mental operations for a child depending on his/her age (McLeod, S.A. 2007). Another critic of Piaget is that he used his own three children for many of his experiments and observations not thinking about the culture they came from (Smith, et al 2003, p. 412). Due to this he failed to take children from different backgrounds into account. A larger sample with children from various backgrounds should have been used to get a more accurate and generalised result. Piagets theory received a number of critics however his work had a major influence in the education sector. He disliked the idea of children being taught sat at desks, listening and transmitting information the teacher gives. Piaget believed that children learn through discovery, the task should be set by the teacher and children should be left to discover, any mistakes the children make should provide useful information on the childs cognitive development. Also for the correct answers, the process of how the child worked out the correct answer should be investigated (Smith et al, 2003, p.388). The curriculum is set out in a sequence, particularly in the core subjects such as mathematics and science. This is influenced by Piagets theory. The choice of learning objectives, curriculum sequencing, grade placements of topics, the assessment of childrens intellectual functioning and teaching methodology (Murray, 1985, p.291) It is important that the class teacher knows at what stage of cognitive development each child is at as it is an important aspect in Piagets theory. This also has an impact on pedagogy as teachers have to change their teaching style to enhance the childs development. The second theorist i will be critically analysing is Lev Vygotsky (1896-1934). He was born in Russia in the same year as Piaget. He studied law and graduated at Moscow University. He then went on the study a Ph.D in Literature and Linguistics. Vygotskys began to work in psychology after the Russian revolution where the Marxism replaced the rule of the czar. The new Marxist philosophy emphasised socialism and collectivism. Individuals were expected to give up their personal goals and achievements to improve the society as a whole by sharing and co operation. The success of an individual was seen as reflecting the success of the culture. Heavy emphasis was placed on history, believing that any culture can only be understood through the ideas and events that have made it occur. (Vasta, R., Haith, M.M., Miller, S.A., 1995). Vygotsky used these elements in his model of human development; this is known as a sociocultural approach. The development of an individual is a result of culture. The theory primarily applies to mental development such as the thought and reasoning process which were believed to develop through social interaction with others mainly parents. He states: Every function in the childs cultural development appears twice: first, between people (interpsychological) and then inside the child (intrapsychological). This applies equally to voluntary attention, to logical memory, and to the formation of ideas. All the higher functions originate as actual relationships between individuals (Vygotsky, 1978, p.57). Vygotsky looked at mental abilities and processes in historical terms using the events that led to them whereas Piaget believed that the childs development process follows a similar pattern of stages. Vygotsky saw intellectual abilities as being much more specific to the culture in which the child was reared (Vasta, R., Haith, M.M., Miller, S.A., 1995). Culture contributes to a childs intellectual development in two ways: firstly children obtain knowledge from it and secondly they obtain the tools of intellectual adaptation from the surrounding culture. Therefore culture provides children with the means to what they think and how they think it. Vygotsky viewed cognitive developments as a shared problem solving experience with another adult, such as the parent, teacher or sibling, this is also known as the dialectical process. Initially, the person working with the child takes the majority of responsibility for guiding the child through problem solving and steadily hands full responsibility over to the child. Every child is different and will react and learn in different ways however Vygotsky stresses language dialogue as adults will use it as a primary resource to transmit knowledge within their culture. The childs own language is of great help as it is a primary tool of intellectual transformation. Eventually children can use their own speech to direct behaviour usually in the same way as the parents speech once directed. This change relates to Vygotskys theme of development as a process of internalisation. Knowledge and thought exist outside the child at first in the culture of the environment. Development consists of gra dual internalization, primarily through language, to form cultural adaptation (Rogoff, 1990). The second aspect of Vygotskys theory is cognitive development which is limited to a time span that is known as zone of proximal development (ZPD). ZPD is the gap between what a child can solely achieve, their potential development which depends on the independent problem solving and what the child can achieve though problem solving with help and guidance of an adult or more capable peers. (Wood, D., Wood, H., 1966). What children can do independently is known as level of actual development and is a standard IQ test measure. However this measure is important but incomplete as two children may have the same level of actual development as it gets the same number of answers right on a test. With help of an adult, again one child may solve a number of problems whereas the other child may only solve two or three. What the child can do with help of an adult is referred to as level of potential development. (Vasta, R., Haith, M.M., Miller, S.A., 1995). Maximum development of ZPD depends on full social interaction of an adult with a child. The more the child takes advantage of the assistance the broader their knowledge of ZPD will be. Scaffolding was invented in 1976 to describe tutorial interaction between an adult and a child. It was used to explore the help and resources an adult provides so a child can carry out a complex task efficiently. This links to Burners ideas of the spiral curriculum. A parallel has been drawn between the notion of scaffolding and ZPD theories of Vygotsky (Hobsbaum, A., Peters, S., Sylva, K., 1996). Before an adult can provide learning opportunities they much evaluate the childs development level at present along with the length of the ZPD. It is important that the child values and makes use of the help that is offered. The child needs to be capable to benefit from the give-and-take conversations with others (Bruner, 1983). In Vygotskys theory language plays a major part in the learning and development process. A child is encouraged to think in new ways and gain a new cognitive tool to make sense of the world. Language is used to solve problems, overcome impulsive action and plan a solution before trying it to control behaviour (Jones, 1995). It is also used for a social purpose, so children can obtain help of peers and solve problems. In this process of development the child starts to practice the same forms of behaviour that other formerly practices with respect to the child however this behaviour is only understood in a social context. Vygotsky has had a great influence on Bruners theory with the introduction of scaffolding and spiral curriculum. Scaffolding is an effective strategy that accesses the ZPD. Scaffolding involved the teacher providing the children the opportunity to build on their current skills and knowledge. This involves the teacher engaging the children and simplifying instructions so they are easily understood. Scaffolding has been used in every subject to support learning especially when introducing new topics. In Literacy the children had to write a story ending. Work was set according to their ability, through the spiral curriculum. The child expressed his ideas and the teaching assistant wrote them on a dry white board ready for the child to copy onto paper. The child was assisted by questions directing her to revisit the story and think about the ending. However this can be a problem as the teacher may offer too much help which may lead to the child expecting help every time and not thinking on their own. Also when observing an ICT lesson, the teacher guided the child through the stages of what needs to be done. The children were then left to complete the task independently. The guidance given relates to Vygotskys approach and the creativity and constructivism is enhanced by Piaget. I observed a year two class in mathematics; they were starting a new topic on difference. The objective of the lesson was to work out the missing number in a sum. To explain this, cubes were used to visually represent numbers so they are easily understood. Both the addition and subtraction methods were shown. Many examples were given until the child fully understood and could work on their own initiative. The activity was then extended to using two digit numbers. The teacher adopted Vygotskys method of ZPD and found that most children had understood the word difference and how to work it out after a number of examples were shown. Unlike Piaget, who concentrated more on individual learning rather than providing adults with a role to help children learn, whereas Vygotsky believed that both other adults and culture play a major part in the development of a childs cognitive ability (Schaffer, 2004, p.90). However Vygotsky constantly mentions how children develop with guidance and help from other adults but does not state how they individually develop (Schaffer 2004, p.215). He failed to recognise how children are motivated to learn individually. Vygotsky focussed more on co-operative learning and little attention was given to individual learning. Vygotsky never took development changes of a child into account. He viewed the child in the same way at the age of two and at the age of twelve. Also the ZPD has been critically analysed by researchers. They have found that teachers have control over a childs thinking as they can ask questions that require certain answer which limits their learning. This kind of questioning is only suitable for children who are achieving below average. A teacher has to be extremely talented to successfully apply the ZPD and guide the children through a task instead of telling them what to do. However the ZPD cannot be applied to every child within a class as the teacher does not have sufficient amount of time to do so (Schaffer 2004, p.217). A final criticism is that Vygotsky failed to take the emotional aspects of a child into account. He did not recognise what happens when a child cannot complete a task or gets something wrong. If a child continuously gets something wrong, does the child lose motivation or continue with the task and hope to succeed? A child goes through many forms of emotion when they are unsuccessful in a task or get something wrong however this has not been mentioned anywhere within Vygotskys theory. Likewise Piaget also failed to take the emotions of a child into account (Schaffer, 2004, p.218). Vygotskys behaviour is particularly relevant to those who are concerned with the use of language as it can be crucial and interrelated with the action. Both Vygotsky and Piaget looked at preschool children in problem solving situations. Piaget believed that the self directed behaviour is egocentric and has a minimum relevance to a childs cognitive growth however Vygotsky referred to it as private speech. Vygotsky believed that private speech grows through interactions with adults; they begin to use parents instructions to direct their own behaviour (Sà ³lrà ºn B. Kristinsdà ³ttir, 2008). Both Piaget and Vygotsky had a conflict when explaining that development theories should not be taught until the children are at the right development stage. Piaget believed that the children are the most important aspect of cognitive development which conflicted with Vygotskys zone of proximal development. However Vygotsky argued that the social environment can be of great help when it comes to cognitive development of the child. The social environment can help children adapt to new situations with ease. Both theorists had the same aim of finding out children think of ideas and translate them into speech. Piaget discovered that children like to explore for themselves the way the world works and what it has to offer however Vygotsky wrote in Thought and Language that human mental activity is the result of learning. This led to Vygotsky believing that acquisition of language has the biggest influence on a childs life. Piaget had a huge emphasis on universal cognitive change and Vygotskys theory expected to have variable development depending on the cultural experiences a child has had. Piagets theory had an emphasis on the natural line whereas Vygotsky preferred the cultural line of development (Gallagher, 1999).

Movie: Delta Force - Suicide In Chinatown :: essays research papers

Movie: Delta Force - Suicide in Chinatown There was a normal afternoon in Chinatown. Everybody was really interested in Silvester Stalone's new action movie that was being played for the first time this weekend.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Delta Force was the movie. Stalone was acting as a very famous cop. He became popular because one year before he killed all a group of terrorists that was planning to put a bomb in the Empire State Building. Now he is fighting against some bank robbers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The critics and also the public were complaining about the violence that the film shows. The critics said that too much blood and fights would incite a bad behavior from the public.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Because of all these complaints the public opinion was discussing the possibility of cut of some parts of the movie or even stop playing it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During the 8:00pm movie session, one fact worked to decide quickly the situation...   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There were many couples in the movie theater and during one of the most violent part of the film, a couple stood up and pulled out two gun machines that were in a suitcase.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  They were, apparently, a normal couple. The blond man using beard was wearing sport clothes. He was carrying a medium black and white suitcase, from where they pulled the gun. The woman was also young, may be working to 20 or 22 years old. She was wearing shorts and a red shirt.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  She was the most nervous and she was the one who ordered everybody to line on the floor and picked the guys as hostages.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When they ordered the hostages to line on the floor, one girl escaped from the place and called the police. The couple didn't ask for anything special. They just began to scream saying that they had the power and wanted the public attention.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Five minutes after the girl escape from the cinema, the police arrived. There were more than fifteen police cars around the cinema, nobody could escape. The sergeant got out of the car and began to negotiate with the couple, trying to release the hostages safely. The sergeant asked how could he finish the situation and the couple asked for a TV team to record something very important to them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The sergeant permitted the CNN team to go into the movie theater but, for doing it, he asked the couple to release the half part of the hostages that were there.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The guy accepted and when the CNN team went into the cinema he released seventy-five people.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When the CNN group began to record the place, the couple put their weapons on their own head and shot themselves.

Permanent Establishment

The concept of permanent establishment (PE) in tax jurisdiction is changing as a result of digital innovations in international business. For a country like Nigeria, permanent establishment allows the country to tax the income or profit of foreign companies with a fixed place or physical presence in the country for 183 days or 12 months. But digital businesses do not need a fixed place or maintain a physical presence in the country before they can make a profit. They do not necessarily need to have an office, a factory, or a workshop in Nigeria before generating a stable income from the country. Examples of digital businesses that make income from Nigeria include GoDaddy.Com, Amazon.Com, Ebay.Com, etc. These companies do not have a fixed place of operation in Nigeria but generate income through digital presence in the country. This puts to test the concept of a permanent establishment in Nigerian tax jurisdiction. To understand the nature of permanent establishment in a digital economy, there is a need to investigate taxation jurisdiction on digital business from the angle of a developing country such as Nigeria. This study will be guided by the following objectives:Examine the principle of permanent establishment as expounded in the United Nations (UN) and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Model;Discuss the impact of digital business on the concept of a permanent establishment? Explore the possibility for a source state, such as Nigeria, to tax incomes generated by web platforms (i.e. Google or Facebook);Identify and discuss the challenges faced by the Nigerian government in getting taxes from companies who operate in the digital economy;Use the new definition of a permanent establishment in Italy to analyze tax jurisdiction on digital business in Nigeria. This study will adopt qualitative research method of legal research, analyze the concept of permanent establishment as a framework for tax jurisdiction on digital business in Nigeria. Primary documents such as the Nigerian tax laws (including the Avoidance of Double Taxation Agreement), the Italian tax laws (Conventions to Avoid Double Taxation), the UN Model Double Taxation Convention, the OECD Model and other documents that are relevant will be explored in the study. Secondary source materials covering monographs, journal articles, magazines, books, movies, textbooks, long essays, dissertations, and theses will equally be explored to analyze tax jurisdiction in digital business in Nigeria. Content analysis will be used to study legal decisions relating to the permanent establishment and digital business in Nigeria.

Sexual Exploitation During Slavery essays

Sexual Exploitation During Slavery essays During Antebellum period, slaves were heavily centralized to South. African Americans were enslaved on small farms, large plantations, in cities and towns, inside homes, out in the fields, and in industries and transportation. Slaves, who were treated like part of the owners properties, could be bought, and trade and were exploited physically, sexually, and socially. Only a few enslaved women who were able to read and write had depict their lives as slaves in their narrative works that have summarizes but inadequately the prevalent condition of enslaved women. Thousands of heinous exploitation's stories went to the grave along with the slaves and the slavery system. However, the narratives and interviews with former slaves by the some of the historians have well documented the sexual exploitation of enslaved women such as Harriet Jacobs. Such documents give us the answers about how the enslaved women were sexually exploited. Were they physically abused? If so, to what extent? Does th e sexual exploitation take the form other than graphical violence? Harriet Jacobs, who was enslaved to Dr. Flint, knew her fate as a slaved girl as soon as she reached her puberty. Born into slavery in Edenton, North Carolina, in 1813, she when reached the age of 15 detest the fact that she was turning into womanhood which would only increase the possibilities of sexual exploitation. As she was sexually matured, she started receiving Dr. Flints attention. He spoke explicitly about his intention to have sexual relation with Jacobs. In her narrative, Jacobs wrote that he would whisper foul words in her ear that she could never ignore. Jacobs wrote, He peopled my young mind with unclean images, such as only a vile monster could think of. Dr. Flint thought that Jacobs is frightened of her mistress so built a house for her four miles away from the town, and then intended to make her his lady. This is how Mr. Flint wh...

Free Essays on Marketing In The Work Place

The American Honda Motor Company was established as a subsidiary by Honda in 1959. During the 1960's the type of motorcycles brought by Americans underwent a major change. Motorcycle registrations increased by over 800,000 in five years from 1960. In the early 60's the major competitors were Haley - Davidson of U.S.A, BSA, Triumph and Norton of the UK and Motto - Guzzi of Italy. Harley-Davidson had the largest market share with sales in 1959 totalling a6.6 million dollars. Many of the motorcycles produced were large and bulky and this led to the image of the motorcycle rider as being one who wore a leather jacket and went out to cause trouble. The Boston Consulting Group ( BCG ) report was initiated by the British government to study the decline in British motorcycle companies around the world, especially in the USA where sales had dropped from 49 0n 1959 to 9 0n 1973. The two key factors the report identified was the market share loss and profitability declines an the scale economy disadvantages in technology, distribution, and manufacturing. The BCG report showed that success of the Japanese manufacturers started with the growth of their own domestic markets. The high production for domestic demand led to Honda experiencing economies of scale as the cost of producing motorbikes declined with the level of output. This provided Honda to achieve a highly competitive cost position which they used to penetrate into the US market. " The basic philosophy of the Japanese manufacture is that high volumes per model provide the potential for high productivity as a result of using capital intensive and highly automated techniques. T heir marketing strategies are therefore directed towards developing these high model volumes, hence the careful attention that we have observed them giving to growth and market share." (BCG p.59 ). The report goes on to show how Honda built up engineering competencies through the innovation of Mr Honda. The compa... Free Essays on Marketing In The Work Place Free Essays on Marketing In The Work Place The American Honda Motor Company was established as a subsidiary by Honda in 1959. During the 1960's the type of motorcycles brought by Americans underwent a major change. Motorcycle registrations increased by over 800,000 in five years from 1960. In the early 60's the major competitors were Haley - Davidson of U.S.A, BSA, Triumph and Norton of the UK and Motto - Guzzi of Italy. Harley-Davidson had the largest market share with sales in 1959 totalling a6.6 million dollars. Many of the motorcycles produced were large and bulky and this led to the image of the motorcycle rider as being one who wore a leather jacket and went out to cause trouble. The Boston Consulting Group ( BCG ) report was initiated by the British government to study the decline in British motorcycle companies around the world, especially in the USA where sales had dropped from 49 0n 1959 to 9 0n 1973. The two key factors the report identified was the market share loss and profitability declines an the scale economy disadvantages in technology, distribution, and manufacturing. The BCG report showed that success of the Japanese manufacturers started with the growth of their own domestic markets. The high production for domestic demand led to Honda experiencing economies of scale as the cost of producing motorbikes declined with the level of output. This provided Honda to achieve a highly competitive cost position which they used to penetrate into the US market. " The basic philosophy of the Japanese manufacture is that high volumes per model provide the potential for high productivity as a result of using capital intensive and highly automated techniques. T heir marketing strategies are therefore directed towards developing these high model volumes, hence the careful attention that we have observed them giving to growth and market share." (BCG p.59 ). The report goes on to show how Honda built up engineering competencies through the innovation of Mr Honda. The compa...